Unit1 Women Of Achievement
（1） 核心詞匯
1. behave vt&vi舉動;（舉止或行為）表現(xiàn)
1）behave well /badly towards sb 對待某人好/差
They behaved badly towards guests,which made us very disappointed .
他們對客人態(tài)度很差，這使我們很失望。
2）behave oneself 守規(guī)矩；表現(xiàn)得體
Behave yourself ! 規(guī)矩點！
3）well-behaved adj表現(xiàn)好的
badly-behaved adj表現(xiàn)差的
well-behaved/badly-behaved little boys行為規(guī)矩的/不規(guī)矩的小男孩們
4）behavior n 舉止;行為
mind one's behavior注意某人的舉止
We each should mind our behavior in public places.
在公共場合我們每一個人都應(yīng)該注自己的 行為舉止。
2. worthwhile adj 值得的；值得做的
1） It is worthwhile doing /to do sth做某事是值得的
It is worthwhile to visit /visiting the Great Wall .
= Visiting the Great Wall is worthwhile。參觀長城是值得的。
2)be well worth doing
The Great Wall is well worth visiting .長城值得參觀。
3)be worthy of +n/being dong
be worthy to be done
The Great Wall is worthy of a visit .
=The Great Wall is worthy of being visited .
=The Great Wall is worthy to be visited.長城值得參觀。
3 .observe vt 觀察；觀測；遵守
1） observes sb do sth 觀察到某人做某事（全過程）
Sb :be observed to do sth （被動語態(tài)要加to）
The thief was observed to open the window and run away .有人見那個賊打開窗口跑了。
2）observe sb doing sth 觀察到某人正在做某事
The police observed the man entering the bank.警察監(jiān)視著那個男子進入銀行。
3）observe遵守
We all should observe the traffic rules .我們都應(yīng)該遵守交通規(guī)則。
4）observe 慶祝
It is a tradition for the Chinese people to observe the Spring Festival.中國人慶祝春節(jié)是一個傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。
4 . respect vt&n 尊敬；尊重；敬意
1）respect sb for sth因某事敬重某人
respect oneself自尊；自重
I respect you for your honesty .由于你為人正直，我對你十分敬重。
2）show/have respect for sb 尊重某人
Children should show respect for their teachers .學(xué)生要尊敬他們的老師。
3）in all /many respects在各個方面
in respect of =with respect to 關(guān)于；就..而言
China is developing rapidly in all respects,which we're pound of .中國在各個方面發(fā)展都很迅速，為此我們感到驕傲。
5 .argue vt&vi 討論；辯論；爭論
1) argue with sb about sth與某人爭辯某事
He is arguing with his classmates about the solution to the problem.
他正在與同學(xué)們爭論這個問題的解決方法。
2）argue for /against sth 據(jù)理力爭/反對某事
Many people argued for /against changing the rules.許多人據(jù)理力爭/反對改變這些規(guī)則。
3）argue sb into /out of doing sth
=persuade sb into /out of doing sth 說服某人做/不做某事
We argued him into /out of going there .我們說服他去/不去那兒。
4）argue that ...主張..；認(rèn)為...
She has argued that wild animais should be left in the wild ..
她主張應(yīng)該讓野生動物留在野外生活..
5 ）have an argument with sb about sth與某人爭辯某事
1)We had an argument with the waiter about the bill .我們和服務(wù)員就賬單發(fā)生了爭論。
6 .inspire vt 鼓舞；激發(fā)；啟示
1）inspire sb to do sth 激勵某人做某事
The beautiful scenery inspired him to finish his writing .
美麗的風(fēng)景激勵著他完成他的創(chuàng)作。
2）inspire sb with sth= inspire sth in sb用某物鼓舞某人
Eg What he said at the meeting inspired confidence in me .
=What he said at the meeting inspired me with confidence .他在會上說的話激起了我的信心。
3） inspiring adj 鼓舞人心的
The film was really inspiring.這部電影鼓舞人心。
I t was really an inspiring film .它是一部鼓舞人心的電影。
4）inspired adj 受到鼓舞的
The children were inspired after seeing the film.看了這部電影孩子們受到了鼓舞。
7. intend vt 計劃；打算
1） intend to do sth 打算做某事
I don't intend to stay long .我不打算長期逗留。
2）intend sb to do sth 打算讓某人做某事
He intended his son to manage the company .他打算讓兒子管理公司。
3）be intended for sb/sth 為...打算/設(shè)計的
The book is intended for children .這本書是為兒童寫的。
4）intention n
with the intention of 報有...的目的/打算
The program is set up with the intention of providing help homeless people .
成立這個項目是為了給無家可歸的人提供幫助。
8 .considerate adj考慮周到的
1） be considerate towards sb
Tom is considerate towards his wife .湯姆對他妻子很體貼。
2）It is considerate of sb to do sth
It was considerate of him to wait so long .他一直等了那么長時間，真是體貼。
3)consideration n 考慮;體諒
take...into consideration 考慮...
You should take everything into consideration before making a decision .
在做決定之前，你應(yīng)該全面考慮。
4）consider vt 考慮；認(rèn)為
consider+ 疑問詞+to do
consider doing sth 考慮做某事
consider sb to be ..認(rèn)為某人...
He is considering going to Beijing .他正考慮著去北京。
We all consider him to be one of the best students in our class .
我們都認(rèn)為他是我們班最好的學(xué)生。
9 .deliver vt
1）遞送
As we all know , letters are delivered every day.我們大家都知道，信件每天都要投遞。
2） 生（小孩），be delivered of （只用于被動）
She was delivered of a healthy baby last night .昨晚她生下一個健康的男孩。
3） 接生 deliver a baby
Her baby was delivered by her own doctor .她的嬰兒是由她自己的醫(yī)生給接生的。
4） 發(fā)表（演說等）
deliver a speech =make/give a speech
Professor Wang will deliver a speech on maths next week .下周王教授要做個數(shù)學(xué)講座。
10 .crowd n 人群;觀眾
1） a crowd of /crowds of 許多
There are a crowd of people playing in the park .有許多人在公園玩。
2）vt 擁擠；擠滿
Tourists crowded the park.
3）be crowded with擠滿了...
The park was crowded with tourists.
4）crowd in on sb (想法等)大量涌現(xiàn)
Memories crowded in on me .往事一齊涌上我心頭。
（二）拓展詞匯
1.achievement n 成就；成績
achieve v 完成；達到
2 .specialist n 專家；專業(yè)工作者
special adj 特殊的；專門的
3 .connection n連接；關(guān)系
connect vt 連接
4 .organization n 組織；機構(gòu)；團體
organize vt 組織
organized adj 有組織的
5 .behave vt&vi 舉動；（舉止或行為）表現(xiàn)
behavior n 行為；舉止；習(xí)性
6 .observe vt 觀察；觀測；遵守
observation n 觀察；觀測；
observer n觀察者
7 .argue vt&vi討論；辯論；爭論
&argument n 爭論；爭辯；爭吵
8 .entertainment n 款待；娛樂；娛樂表演
entertain vt款待；使歡樂
entertaining adj 愉快的；有趣的
9 .inspire vt 鼓舞；激發(fā)；啟示
inspired adj 品質(zhì)優(yōu)秀的；能力卓越的
inspiring adj鼓舞人心的
inspiration n靈感；鼓舞人心的人或事
10. support n &vt 支持；擁護
supporter n 支持者
11.refer vi refer vi referred, referred；referring
談到；查閱；參考
reference n 提及；涉及；參考；查閱
12 .sickness n 疾病；惡心
sick adj 生病的
13 . intend vt 計劃；打算
intention n 打算;目的；意圖
14 .kindness n 仁慈；好意
kind adj 親切的；和藹的
15 .considerate adj 考慮周到的
consideration n 考慮;體諒
consider vt 考慮；認(rèn)為
considering prep 考慮到 ;就...而言
（三）高頻短語：
1. make an achievement 取得成就
2. specialize in sth 專攻某事
3. in the shade 在陰涼處
4 . move off 離開；出發(fā)
5 .It is worthwhile doing sth /to do sth 做某事是值得的
6.be outspoken in one's remarks直言不諱
7 . lead / live a ...life 過著...的生活
8 .crowd in（想法、問題等）涌上心頭
9 . look down upon /on 蔑視；瞧不起
Look up to sb 尊敬某人
10 . refer to 查閱；參考；談到
refer to a dictionary 查字典
Look up a word in the dictionary查單詞
11. by chance 碰巧；湊巧
on purpose 故意
12. come across 偶然遇見；碰見
13. carry on
carry on with your work
carry on working 繼續(xù)工作
14 .be modest about sth 對...表示謙虛
15. devote oneself to doing sth ..獻身于...;致力于...
16 .work out 解決；鍛煉身體
Unit 1 A Study Of African Wildlife
（一）必背漂亮句
1. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.我們一行人準(zhǔn)備按照簡研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜訪它們。
1） Following Jane's way of studying chimps是ving 短語做狀語，表示伴隨。
eg I offered them something to eat thinking they might be hungry.
我給了他們一些吃的東西，心想他們可能餓了。
2）集體名詞group , class ,family ,army等作主語時， 如果強調(diào)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如強調(diào)個體，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
eg Our group are all going to visit them in the forest.（指組內(nèi)成員）
我們一行人準(zhǔn)備去森林里拜訪它們。
Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon.（強調(diào)整體）簡預(yù)先提醒我們，到下午的時候我們就會又臟又累。
2 .Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day .
觀察黑猩猩一家是如何醒來的是我們當(dāng)天的首要任務(wù)。Watching a family of chimps wake up是ving 短語做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
eg Leaning a foreign language is very useful to me .學(xué)一門外語對我來說非常有用。
3 .This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before .這意味著我們要返回前一天晚上我們離開黑猩猩一家睡覺的大樹旁。
1）where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before是定語從句,修飾先行詞the place.
2） meaning doing sth 意味著
mean to do sth 打算；想要去做某事
eg To help them means helping yourself .幫助他們就是幫助你自己。
She means to make everything clear to you .她想把一切向你說清楚.
3）leave +賓語+doing讓某人做某事
Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain .不要讓她在外面雨中等待.
4 . Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project .她母親頭幾個月來幫她的忙，著才使她得以開始自己的計劃。
1） 這是一個倒裝句。正常語氣的陳述句應(yīng)當(dāng)是：
She was allowed to begin her project after her mother came to help her for the first few months .
after her mother came to help her for the first few months 在句中做時間狀語從句。
2）Only 修飾狀語（狀語從句/副詞/介詞短語），位 于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)（助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞be+主語+句子其它）。
Only then did he realize his mistakes.
= He realized his mistakes only then.只是那時他才意識到自己的錯誤。
Only in this way can you learn English well .
= You can learn English well only in this way.只有以這種方法你才能學(xué)好英語。
如果句子是主從復(fù)合句,則主句倒裝,從句不倒裝.
Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him .
= I will speak to him only when he apologizes for his rudeness.只有當(dāng)她為他的魯莽道歉時我才會跟他講話。
注意：Only 修飾主語時，句子不倒裝。
Only he knew the secret .只有他知道這個秘密。
5 .We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree .
我們看到黑猩猩媽媽跟她的幼子們在樹上玩耍。
play in the tree是省to 的不定式作賓補，但是在被動語態(tài)中要加to ;
eg Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night .
后來看見他們一起回窩里睡覺了。
Someone was heard to come up the stairs .聽見有人上樓了。
6 .She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it .
她曾經(jīng)親眼看到過一群黑猩猩捕殺一只猴子，然后把他們吃掉。
1）observe sb doing sth 觀察到某人正在做某事
The police observed the man entering the bank.警察監(jiān)視著那個男子進入銀行。
2）observes sb do sth 觀察到某人做某事（全過程）
Sb :be observed to do sth （被動語態(tài)要加to）
The thief was observed to open the window and run away .有人見那個賊打開窗口跑了。
7 .Once I stop , it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps n laboratories .
一旦我停下來,所有的一切都會涌上心頭,我就會想起實驗室里的黑猩猩.
1）句中once I stop是由連詞once 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,意為"一旦...就"
Once you have seen that, you can never forget ..一旦你看到這些，你就永遠不會忘記。
2）crowding in 是ving 短語做伴隨狀語，修飾動詞comes.
She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.她坐在桌旁讀報紙。
8 . For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.40 年來，簡古道爾一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重這些動物的生活
the rest of 其余的；剩下的；
the rest of +不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+單數(shù)謂動詞；
the rest of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。
eg The rest of the money was given to his son.剩下的錢都給了他的兒子。
The rest of the apple was thrown away .那個蘋果余下的部分被扔掉了。
The rest of the apples were sent to the nursing home .剩下的那些蘋果被送到養(yǎng)老院。
9 .She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women .她激勵著人們?yōu)閶D女們的成就而歡呼喝彩。
（二）必背短語：
Para1
1 .behave like humans 行為像人一樣
2 .go back to 回到
3 .the night before 前一天晚上
4 .in the shade of the trees在樹陰下
5 .wake up 醒來
6 . move off/set off /set out 出發(fā)
7.either ...or .. 或者...或者..
8.a way of showing love 表達愛的方式
9 .by the afternoon到下午的時候
10 .play in the tree 在樹上玩
birds in the tree 樹上的鳥
apples on the tree樹上的蘋果
Para2
1 .spend time( in) doing sth 花時間做某事
spend money on sth 花錢在某物上
2 .communicate with each other彼此交流
3 .work sth out 計算出；解決；找出..的答案
work out their social system 勾勒出它們的社會體系
Para3 -4
1 .be outspoken about 關(guān)于...坦率直言
2 .the rest of the world 世界上其他的國家
3 .respect the life of these animals尊重這些動物的生活
4 .argue that主張
5.in the wild 在野外
6.set up 成立；建立
7 .Lead /live a busy life 過著忙碌的生活
8 .crowd in on sb （想法、問題等）涌上心頭
9 .say to oneself 自言自語
10. gain a doctor's degree獲得博士學(xué)位
Unit 1 Why Not Carry On Good Work?
（1） 必背漂亮句
1. I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the desk to do some research on great women of China.
直到有一天晚上坐在電腦旁研究中國的偉大女性時，我才有了答案
when I sat down at the desk to do some research on great women of China是由when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞one evening.
2 . It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career ,travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles.似乎她一直都在為自己選擇的事業(yè)而奔忙，去國外留學(xué)，寫了很多書和文章。
1） It seemed that... 。that 引導(dǎo)表語從句， travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles是ving 短語，在從句中作伴隨狀語。
2） It seemed that..."似乎..."
It seemed that she is happy .她似乎很高興。
3 .It was a small book explaining how to cut the death ate from having and caring for babies .這是一本小書，介紹如何從婦女懷孕到護理嬰兒的過程中降低死亡率。
1）explaining....是ving 短語作定語，修飾a small book。 相當(dāng)定語從句which explained how to cut ...
2） ving形式作定語相當(dāng)謂語動詞為進行時或一般時的定語從句。
eg Women caring (who care)for patients in hospitals are called nurses.醫(yī)院里照料病人的女性叫護士。
4.Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice?
林巧稚認(rèn)為誰會是需要這些忠告的婦女呢？
1） that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice是由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞the women。
定語從句中：Lin Qiaozhi thought是插入語，that主語，needed是謂語.
2） 當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who 或which 時，不管先行詞是人還是物，定語從句的關(guān)系代詞只能用that ，不能用who和which .（避免混淆）
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?贏得金牌的那個男孩是誰？
Which is the bike that you lost?哪輛是你丟的自行車？
5 .Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time .
我突然想起在那個年代，一個女子去學(xué)醫(yī)是多么困難。
1）it是形式主語，真正的主語是由how difficult 引導(dǎo)的是主語從句。
2） It hit sb that /how/wh-..."使某人突然想到...."
類似的句式：It occurs/occurred to sb that ...
It strikes /struck sb that ...
It hit me that they had got her wrong.
It struck me that they had got her wrong.
It occurred to me that they had got her wrong我突然想到他們誤會她了。
6 .That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys'.那是一個女性受教育總是排在男性之后的年代。
1）when girls' education was always placed second to boys'是由when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞 a generation 。
This is a generation when men and women are equal.
這是一個男女平等的年代
2）Place sb/sth second to sb /sth 使...僅次于...
second to none 不亞于任何人或事物
As a dancer ,he is second to none =Nobody is a better dancer than he is .
他的舞技不亞于任何人。
7 .Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school .進一步閱讀使我了解到，是苦干、決心和善良的天性是他走進醫(yī)學(xué)院的大門。
1）Further reading made me realize that....是主句，that引導(dǎo)是（realize）的賓語從句；其中賓語從句，用強調(diào)句表達：it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school ，強調(diào)句子的主語hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature，got是謂語動詞。
2）強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)：
It is /was +被強調(diào)部分+that+句子其它。
8 .What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.后來使她成功的是她對所有病人獻出的愛心和體貼。
What made her succeed later on是由what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動詞用單數(shù)was.
she showed to all her patients是省略that /which 的定語從句，修飾先行詞 the kindness and consideration。
eg What is needed for the space ship is careful preparation .
太空旅行所需要的就是精心的準(zhǔn)備。
9.There was story after story of how LinQiaozhi ,tired after a day's work , went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her .
數(shù)不勝數(shù)的故事講述著林巧稚如何在勞累一天之后，由在深夜去為貧苦家庭的婦女接生，而這些家庭是不可能給她報酬的。
how LinQiaozhi ,tired after a day's work , went late at night to deliver a baby..是how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作介詞of 的賓語。who could not pay her是定語從句，修飾先行詞 a poor family。
Pay attention to what the doctor said .
（what..,是賓語從句，作介詞to 的賓語） 注意醫(yī)生所說的話。
10 .By now I could not wait to find out more about her .
現(xiàn)在我迫不及待地想都了解一些她的情況。
11 .Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work ?
為什么不像林巧稚那樣去讀醫(yī)學(xué)院，繼續(xù)她的事業(yè)呢？
12.It was still not too late for me to improve my studies,prepare for the university entrance examinations.現(xiàn)在努力提高成績、準(zhǔn)備大學(xué)入學(xué)考試還不算晚..
寫作常用句：
It is not too late fo sb to do sth .現(xiàn)在要某人作某事還不太晚。
eg It is not too late for us to work hard at our lessons.現(xiàn)在我們努力學(xué)習(xí)還不太晚。
（二）必背短語
Para1
1.not ...until 直到....才
2.sit down at the computer坐在電腦旁
3.do some research on/into sth對...進行研究/調(diào)查
Para2
1. by chance/by accident偶然
on purpose /by design故意
2. come across 碰巧；湊巧
3. a specialist in sth 某方面的專家
a specialist in women's disease 婦科專家
4. It seems that ...似乎/好像...
5. her chosen career 她選擇的事業(yè)
6. catch one's eye：
=attract /draw one's attention 引起某人注意；吸引某人的注意力
7. cut the death rate 降低死亡率
8. care forsb 喜歡，照顧
care for babies 護理嬰兒
9. free from=free of 擺脫..,免遭...
10. be intended for 為...準(zhǔn)備的
11. in the countryside在鄉(xiāng)下
12. have an emergency 有緊急情況
13. reach sb 聯(lián)系上某人
reach a doctor 與醫(yī)生取得聯(lián)系
Para3
1. It hit sb that... 使某人突然想到..
2 .get medical training醫(yī)學(xué)培訓(xùn)
3 .place sb/sth second to sb /sth 使...僅次于...
second to none 不亞于任何人或
4 .further reading 進一步閱讀
5 .as well as 也；和
6 .gentle nature 溫柔的天性
7 .later on 之后；后來
8 .story after story 一個又一個故事
9 .deliver a baby 接生孩子
deliver a speech 發(fā)表演講
be delivered of a baby /give birth to a baby生孩子
10 .pay sb給某人報酬
Para4
1 .Can /could not /never wait to do sth
=Can /could hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待地要做某事
2 .devote her whole life to her patients
3 .a family of her own 她自己的家庭
4 .make sure that...確保...
5 .Why not do sth？ 為什么不做某事
6 .carry on(doing) sth 繼續(xù)；堅持
carry on her good work 繼續(xù)她的事業(yè)
7.improve one's studies提高某人的學(xué)業(yè)
8. prepare for sth 為..做準(zhǔn)備
9 .the university entrance examinations大學(xué)入學(xué)考試
mall rat 喜歡逛購物中心的年輕人。（千萬不要翻譯為商場老鼠）
Mall是購物中心，有的規(guī)模小，有的規(guī)模大。一到周末各地的購物中心都有買東西的人，有的人不見得買什么，只是在里面像老鼠一樣鉆來鉆去。 I used to be a typical mall rat hanging around watching the crowds, especially the girls. But now I join the football club, and I have no time. 我過去是個典型的逛購物中心迷，在那里看人，特別是女孩子。但是現(xiàn)在我加入了足球俱樂部，就沒有時間了。